Update, October 27, 2026. Day 10 (October 26): the medical examiner who first ruled the death a suicide testified she had limited information from police, and William Farwell, the defendant’s twin, testified under a grant of immunity about his own relationship with Birchmore.
Update, October 23, 2026. Day 9 of testimony, October 23, 2026, a half day: Birchmore’s longtime therapist, Diala Alkhalil, testified that she saw Birchmore on January 31, 2021, and saw no sign of suicidal thoughts or plans. On cross-examination she agreed suicidal thoughts can increase when patients begin taking antidepressants. Friend Lindsey Crean testified that Birchmore said Farwell told her “You are asking too much of me” when she said he only had to stop by on holidays, and acknowledged a message Birchmore sent her about nine months earlier about wanting to kill herself, the Boston Herald, Boston 25 News, WCVB and 7News reported. Boston 25 reported that closing arguments could come the first week of November. Details are in our day 9 post.
Update, October 22, 2026. Day 8 of testimony, October 22, 2026: the father of Birchmore’s unborn child, a former Army recruiter, testified under an immunity agreement that Birchmore told him the baby “was not and could not be” his and named Farwell as the father. A State Police crime lab analyst testified that Farwell’s DNA was found on the strap around Birchmore’s neck, and three women who had affairs with Farwell from 2012 to 2016 testified that he never wore a mask with them, the Boston Globe, NBC10 Boston, WCVB and CBS Boston reported. Details are in our day 8 post.
Update, October 21, 2026. Day 7 of testimony, October 21, 2026: Stoughton Detective Sandra Barrett testified that Farwell told her in late January 2021 that he was having problems with a woman other than his wife and believed the problem was “going to take care of itself.” Detective Daniel Barber testified that Farwell told him he had to “put crazy back in the bag.” Jurors also heard a forensic psychologist on grooming in general terms, a State Police forensic scientist, and friends of Birchmore’s about the pregnancy, as reported by the Boston Globe, NBC10 Boston and Boston.com. The testimony is covered in our day 7 post.
Update, October 20, 2026. Day 6 (October 20): a Stoughton police dispatcher testified that Farwell told him never to talk about a January 20, 2021 call that referred to his relationship with Birchmore’s friend, and Birchmore’s OB/GYN testified she saw no signs of suicidal thinking but agreed on cross that Zoloft can cause suicidal thoughts. Full recap in our day 6 post
Update, October 20, 2026. Day 5 of testimony (October 19): FBI Special Agent Heidi Kelsch testified on cross-examination that a paternity test identified an Army recruiter, not Farwell, as the father of Birchmore’s unborn child, and Chief Judge Casper ordered the government to remove the trial exhibits it had posted online. Full account: Farwell trial day 5
Update, October 16, 2026. Trial day 4 (October 16): FBI examiner Christopher Beckstrom testified that an iPhone linked to Farwell was used on February 9, 2021 to search “can you revoke consent in massachusetts,” and that Birchmore’s phone was last unlocked at 9:13 p.m. on February 1, 2021. On cross, he agreed Birchmore searched “what color is the suicide ribbon” that evening. Our day 4 recap.
Update, October 15, 2026. Day 3 of testimony, October 15: Birchmore’s friend Lesley Davis, Chief Donna McNamara on the January 20, 2021 call, and Trooper Nicholas Guarino on the limited 2021 search of Farwell’s phone. Our day 3 report.
Update, October 14, 2026.
Day 2 (October 14): Trooper Matthew Dunne testified no suicide note was found at the scene and described the unrecorded parking lot interview with Farwell; on cross, the defense showed him handwritten notes from Birchmore’s belongings, including one he said appears to be a suicide note dated 2017. Toxicologist Alicia Zimmerman and Stoughton Sgt. Robert Kuhn followed. Full day 2 recap.
Update, October 14, 2026. Day 2 of testimony is under way. Massachusetts State Police Trooper Matthew Dunne returned to the stand and testified that no suicide note was found in the apartment, NBC10 Boston and MassLive reported. According to NBC10, jurors were shown an ultrasound photo from Birchmore's refrigerator and a necklace that was later found broken at the scene, and Dunne said a camouflage duffel bag was missing a strap that appeared to be the ligature. Witnesses expected next include Birchmore's friend Leslie Davis, school resource officer Robert Kuhn, State Police crime lab toxicologist Alicia Zimmerman, and Stoughton Police Chief Donna McNamara. Day 1 recap: first officer said it “appears to be a suicide”. Farwell is presumed innocent.
Update, October 13, 2026.
Update, October 13, 2026 (evening): Six witnesses testified on the first day: Stoughton Detective Heather Cheever, former Sharon assistant principal Cheryl Carlson, property manager Erin Porter, Canton Officer Ensley Cotard (who said he told supervisors it “appears to be a suicide” and saw no note), maintenance supervisor Carlos Verissimo, and State Police Trooper Matthew Dunne, who returns Wednesday. The parties also filed a toxicology stipulation (ECF No. 349). Full witness-by-witness recap.
Update, October 13, 2026. Update, October 13, 2026: Testimony began Tuesday with Stoughton police Detective Heather Cheever, who said she was a mentor to Birchmore. Late Monday the defense answered both weekend government motions. It says Trooper Matthew Dunne told prosecutors in September that Birchmore’s journal entry was “absolutely a suicide note” and that he thought the mask meant Farwell was hiding an affair. It also says the “gushing blood” quote comes from a recorded phone call, and defense counsel apologized for saying “any one of you.” Read what the defense filed.
Update, October 12, 2026.
Update, October 12, 2026. Over the holiday weekend prosecutors filed two motions. One asks Judge Casper to let three women testify about alleged affairs with Farwell, and that he never wore a mask or disguise with them, to rebut the defense explanation that he wore a mask on February 1 to hide an affair; what the motion says and the Rule 404(b) question. The other asks for curative instructions, arguing the defense misstated jury unanimity and the federal-officer element and referred to texts the government says do not exist; the details. The defense has not yet responded and the judge has not ruled. Testimony begins Tuesday.
Update, October 10, 2026.
October 10, 2026: CBS Boston reported the defense told jurors Farwell went to Birchmore’s apartment to break up with her and told her the baby was not his. What that concession means, and the evidence rule that decides whether jurors hear his explanation.
Update, October 9, 2026.
Also October 9: Our full report on both opening statements and what the government has to prove.
Update, October 9, 2026.
Update, October 9, 2026, afternoon. A jury of 10 men and six women, 12 jurors and four alternates, was sworn in Friday morning, WHDH and NBC10 Boston reported, and both sides delivered opening statements before noon. Assistant U.S. Attorney Torey Cummings told jurors Farwell began a sexual relationship with Birchmore when she was 15 and he was 27, that Birchmore was excited about her pregnancy and had told some 80 people, and that Farwell, knowing what she could reveal, strangled her with a duffel bag strap and staged her death as a suicide; jurors were shown surveillance images of Farwell entering her building, NBC10 reported. For the defense, attorney Kimberly Stevens opened with “Matthew Farwell did not kill Sandra Birchmore,” and argued Birchmore died by suicide, pointing to her history of suicidal thoughts, a search for “What color is the suicide ribbon?” and texts the day before her death saying she was stressed and could not sleep, according to NBC10 and WHDH. Opening statements are not evidence. Testimony begins Tuesday, October 13, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.; there is no court Monday. Farwell has pleaded not guilty and is presumed innocent.
Update, October 9, 2026.
Update, October 9, 2026. The jury was not finalized Thursday. Two groups of about 40 prospective jurors were questioned one at a time on follow-ups to the 17-page, 52-question survey, including whether suicide had touched their lives, NBC10 Boston reported. One woman was excused after saying she had followed the Karen Read trial closely and questioned police work in that case, knowing some investigators also worked this one. Judge Casper said peremptory challenges will be exercised Friday morning, the panel of 12 jurors and four alternates will be set, and opening statements will follow, possibly with some witness testimony before court ends at 1 p.m. There is no court Monday for the holiday, and the trial is expected to last about five weeks. Farwell has pleaded not guilty and is presumed innocent.
Update, October 8, 2026.
Update, October 8, 2026, morning. Jury selection resumed Thursday for a third day with the narrowed pool, and the first jurors could be seated today, NBC10 Boston and WHDH reported. If the panel is complete, Judge Casper has scheduled opening statements for Friday, October 9. Because Monday is a federal holiday, testimony would then begin Tuesday, October 13, NBC10 reported. Farwell has pleaded not guilty and is presumed innocent.
Update, October 7, 2026.
Update, October 7, 2026, evening. By the afternoon session the two sides had agreed to excuse 116 of the 411 prospective jurors, NBC10 Boston reported, and WCVB reported that 40 people will return to the Moakley courthouse Thursday for further questioning. Screening of the large pool was moved to an auditorium, WHDH reported. Judge Casper told the pool the trial is expected to last about five weeks, into the second week of November, according to Boston 25 News. WCVB also reported that the judge has allowed a new motion about an unnamed witness to be filed under seal, and that the April 28 detention hearing transcript shows prosecutors arguing Farwell had attended a Massachusetts State Police homicide conference that taught detectives how to investigate hanging deaths. Those are the government’s arguments, not findings. No jurors have been seated. Farwell has pleaded not guilty and is presumed innocent.
Update, October 7, 2026.
Update, October 7, 2026, afternoon. Of 411 prospective jurors who filled out questionnaires, the two sides have agreed to disqualify 102, NBC10 Boston reported. No jurors have been seated. The remaining pool returns Thursday, when the lawyers will make final choices for the 16 seats, 12 jurors and four alternates.
Update, October 7, 2026.
Update, October 7, 2026. No jurors were chosen on the first day of selection, WCVB reported; Judge Casper wants 12 jurors and 4 alternates and told both sides to be ready to open as soon as Friday, with 45 minutes each. In a filing late Monday the defense said its digital forensics expert, Daniel Loper, would testify that Birchmore’s laptop was powered on or off at 9:41 p.m. on the day prosecutors say she was killed, and that Farwell had blocked her from contacting his iPhone. Prosecutors are trying for a second time to exclude Loper. A transcript of Farwell’s April 28 detention hearing, attached to a prosecution filing, shows prosecutors arguing that he wrote a goodbye letter to a friend after Dr. Michael Baden’s 2024 report called the death a homicide. Farwell is presumed innocent.
Update, October 7, 2026.
Update, October 7, 2026. The trial will not be livestreamed or photographed. Why federal Rule 53 bars cameras, and how to follow the trial.
Update, October 6, 2026.
Update, October 6, 2026. Jury selection began Tuesday morning with two pools filling out questionnaires, which the court said will not be made public, NBC10 Boston reported. Individual questioning is set for Thursday and opening statements are scheduled for Friday, October 9. No cameras are allowed in federal court.
Update, October 5, 2026.
Update, October 5, 2026. Judge Casper denied the renewed venue motion on October 1. Jury selection begins Tuesday, October 6, with openings possible Friday, October 9. Prosecutors re-searched Farwell’s phone after the defense said his 2021 consent covered the whole device, and the defense disclosed that State Police lost the raw data from Birchmore’s laptop in 2024. Full trial-eve report.
Update, September 30, 2026. Jury selection in the Farwell trial will begin Tuesday, October 6, a day later than scheduled, because other jury trials were already set to start Monday, Judge Denise Casper said, according to NBC10 Boston. The renewed venue motion is pending.
Update, September 29, 2026. September 28: Farwell filed a supplemental motion to transfer venue out of Massachusetts (Doc. 287), six days before jury selection; the government opposes and the court denied his first venue motion January 23. What it says and why transfer is unlikely.
Update, September 22, 2026. Pretrial rulings are in. At the September 17 final pretrial conference Chief Judge Casper allowed the government’s Rule 804(b)(6) forfeiture-by-wrongdoing motion, denied six defense motions in limine, and granted one, barring the FBI from presenting text messages as audio narration. A motion to exclude the expert testimony of Daniel Loper remains under advisement with a supplement due September 28, and a revised disputed exhibit list is due September 30. We read the docket and set out every ruling in this breakdown.
Update, September 21, 2026. Judge Casper has denied the defense motions to exclude Birchmore’s handwritten diary entries and to bar her doctor, her counselor, and her family and friends from testifying to their surprise at a suicide finding. The judge ruled that testimony “is not being offered as an opinion as to Ms. Birchmore’s cause of death but as to the state of mind of these treatment providers for actions they took or did not take.” Trial begins October 5 at 9 a.m. at the Moakley Courthouse (Boston Herald, September 21).
Update, September 18, 2026. A full preview of the trial, drawn from the superseding indictment, is in Matthew Farwell is not charged with murder. He is charged with killing a witness under 18 U.S.C. § 1512, which changes what the government must prove.
Update, September 18, 2026. Judge Casper has ruled that Birchmore’s journals, texts and social media posts are admissible. The hearsay doctrines behind that ruling, including forfeiture by wrongdoing, are explained in our report. Jury selection begins the first week of October.
Updated September 12, 2026. This page is the standing record of United States v. Farwell, the federal murder prosecution of former Stoughton police detective Matthew Farwell in the 2021 death of Sandra Birchmore. Jury selection begins October 5 in Boston before Chief Judge Denise J. Casper. The pretrial conference is September 17 and final witness lists are due September 21. This page will be updated at each stage.
The case in one paragraph
Sandra Birchmore was 23 and eight to ten weeks pregnant when she died in her Canton apartment in early February 2021. The state medical examiner ruled it a suicide. Three and a half years later, in August 2024, federal prosecutors charged Farwell with strangling her and staging the scene, alleging he had groomed her from the age of 15 through the Stoughton Police Explorers program, had sex with her while she was a minor and while he was on duty, and killed her to stop her from reporting it. He has pleaded not guilty. The defense says she died by her own hand.
Why it is a federal case
Murder is ordinarily a state crime. This one is in federal court because of the theory: that Farwell killed Birchmore to prevent her from communicating with law enforcement about a federal offense, which is the crime of killing a witness under the federal witness-tampering statute. That theory is also why the grooming allegations are not background but an element. The government has to prove not only that Farwell killed her but why.
On October 28, 2025, a superseding indictment added a second count for the death of her unborn child. On December 9, 2025, the government filed notice that “the Attorney General of the United States has directed the government not to seek the death penalty in this case.” The maximum on conviction is life.
The people
- Sandra Birchmore, 23 at her death, a former Stoughton Police Explorer.
- Matthew Farwell, former Stoughton detective, 27 when the indictment says he first had sex with Birchmore at 15. Held without bail since his arrest; the judge cited “very strong, if not overwhelming” evidence.
- William Farwell, his twin brother and a former Stoughton officer, one of three officers a Stoughton internal investigation found had inappropriate relationships with Birchmore. He is not charged. Reports this week indicate he may be called as a witness.
- Chief Judge Denise J. Casper, United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts.
Timeline
- 2010 to 2016. Birchmore participates in the Stoughton Police Explorers Academy, where Farwell volunteers. The indictment alleges sexual contact beginning when she was 15.
- December 2020. She tells Farwell she is pregnant.
- January 20, 2021. A friend calls Stoughton police to report the relationship.
- February 1, 2021. Birchmore dies in her Canton apartment. The medical examiner rules suicide.
- 2022. A Stoughton internal investigation finds three officers, including both Farwell brothers, had inappropriate relationships with her. All leave the department. No charges.
- August 2024. Federal grand jury indicts Matthew Farwell for killing a witness. He is arrested and held.
- October 28, 2025. Superseding indictment adds the unborn-child count.
- December 9, 2025. Government declines to seek the death penalty.
- January 23, 2026. Casper denies the defense motion to move the trial to Rhode Island: “Farwell has not met the high burden of demonstrating that pretrial publicity would prevent him from receiving a fair trial in this District.”
- March 9, 2026. Motion to dismiss the indictment denied.
- August 5, 2026. Prosecutors file a witness list of about 50, including roughly a dozen experts.
- September 1, 2026. Pretrial evidentiary hearing. Casper rules the defense may introduce Birchmore’s mental health history and suicidal ideation, and that prosecutors may call her a “victim.” Rulings on her journal entries, texts and the government’s expert witnesses taken under advisement.
- September 17. Pretrial conference.
- September 11 and 12. Government (68 names) and defense (97 names) witness lists filed, docket entries 259 and 260.
- September 21. Deadline for final witness lists.
- October 5. Jury selection. The trial is expected to run about twenty days.
The evidence fight
The trial will turn on two questions of proof, and the September 1 hearing showed where each side is weakest.
Homicide or suicide. The government’s medical case rests on Dr. William Smock, a strangulation expert who concluded homicide from a clasp-shaped imprint on her neck and a fractured neck bone, and on Dr. Michael Baden. The defense has challenged the reliability of both, arguing the findings are consistent with hanging. Casper has not yet ruled on the challenges. If she excludes or limits Smock, the government’s case is the circumstantial one: Farwell’s presence at the apartment, the phone and door evidence, and motive. If she admits him, the trial is a battle of forensic pathologists.
Motive and grooming. Dr. Lisa Rocchio, a forensic psychologist, would testify about grooming. Casper indicated she would allow “at least some” of that testimony, saying the disputes seemed “more suitable for cross-examination, as opposed to exclusion.” The defense theory, set out in its filings, is that the relationship was consensual by the time of her death and that Birchmore, with a documented history of suicidal thoughts, killed herself. Casper has allowed that history in. The government will answer that a pregnant woman who had just told the father, and whose friend had just reported him, had every reason to live and that the man she named had every reason to silence her.
The journals. Birchmore kept handwritten journals. Whether they come in, and under which hearsay exception, is the ruling still pending that could matter most. They are her own account of the relationship in her own words.
Update, September 12: the witness lists are in
Both sides filed their witness lists ahead of the September 21 deadline. The government’s list, docket entry 259, was filed September 11; Farwell’s, entry 260, was filed September 12. Independent court reporter Grant Smith Ellis posted images of both filings and a comparison: 31 names appear on both lists, 37 on the government’s only, and 66 on the defense’s only, for 68 government witnesses and 97 defense witnesses in all. The filings list names without roles.
Among the names on the government’s list are its experts Dr. William Smock, Dr. Michael Baden and Dr. Lisa Rocchio; Stoughton Police Chief Donna McNamara; State Police investigators John Fanning and Michael Lank; and William Farwell, the defendant’s twin brother, and his wife Angela. The defense list includes Dr. Mindy Hull, the state’s chief medical examiner, whose office ruled the death a suicide in 2021, and Kevin Albert, the former Canton police officer whose name figured in the Karen Read case. Ellis noted that Robert Devine, Farwell’s former supervisor at Stoughton, and Brian Tully, the State Police supervisor of the investigators, are not on the government’s list. A witness list is a disclosure, not a promise; either side may call fewer than it names.
What to watch
- September 17. Rulings on the experts and the journals may issue at or before the conference.
- September 21. The final witness lists. Whether William Farwell appears on either is the question being asked.
- October 5. Jury selection in a case Casper has already found can be tried fairly in Massachusetts despite coverage she acknowledged was extensive.
Who was Sandra Birchmore?
A 23-year-old Canton woman and former Stoughton Police Explorer who died in her apartment in February 2021 while eight to ten weeks pregnant. Her death was initially ruled a suicide.
What is Matthew Farwell charged with?
Killing a witness under federal law, and, since October 2025, a second count for the death of her unborn child. He has pleaded not guilty. The government is not seeking the death penalty.
Why is the case in federal court?
Because the charge is that he killed her to prevent her from reporting a federal crime to law enforcement, which is a federal offense regardless of where the killing occurred.
What is the defense?
That Birchmore died by suicide, that the scene was not staged, and that the government’s strangulation experts are unreliable. The judge has allowed evidence of her mental health history.
When does the trial start?
Jury selection begins October 5, 2026 in Boston before Chief Judge Denise Casper. The trial is expected to last about twenty days.
Is Farwell in custody?
Yes. He has been held without bail since his August 2024 arrest.
Facts from the indictment and superseding indictment as reported by CBS Boston, NBC Boston, The Boston Globe and WHDH, 2024 through September 2026, and from the docket in United States v. Farwell, No. 1:24-cr-10259 (D. Mass.). September 1 hearing rulings as reported by The Boston Globe and NBC Boston. Matthew Farwell is presumed innocent, and nothing alleged by the government has been proved. General information about federal and Massachusetts law, not legal advice.